50 años de cirugía de bypass coronario, meditar el pasado, enfrentar el presente y forjar el futuro / Fifty years of coronary artery surgery

Al cumplirse este año 50 años de la cirugía de bypass coronario, introducida y desarrollada por René Favaloro en la Cleveland Clinic, es conveniente meditar el camino seguido previamente por la cirugía para tratar la enfermedad coronaria, analizar cómo la cirugía enfrenta en la actualidad esta grave y frecuente enfermedad, y, si es posible, predecir el rol que ésta jugará en el futuro en el tratamiento de la enfermedad coronaria.

This year is the 50th anniversary of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery, introduced and developed by René Favaloro at The Cleveland Clinic. The occasion calls for meditation about the path followed by surgery to treat coronary artery disease in the past, to analyze how surgery currently faces this serious and frequent disease and, if possible, to predict the role that surgery will play in the future in the treatment of coronary artery disease.

Incidência de trajeto intramiocárdico em grupo populacional / Incidence of intramyocardial bridge in a population sample

Fundamentos: A anomalia causada pelo trajeto intramiocárdico tem sido apontada como diagnóstico diferencialda doença arterial coronariana.Objetivo: Analisar a incidência de trajeto intramiocárdico (TIM) em amostra populacional.Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, que analisou prontuários de 200 pacientes diagnosticados comtrajeto intramiocárdico (TIM) ou ponte miocárdica (PM) pela angiotomografia coronariana (angio-TC), no períodode setembro de 2010 a março de 2015, no Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo e MedImagem – serviçode Radiologia do Hospital. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, altura, peso, cor da pele, históriafamiliar de doença cardiovascular, tabagismo, presença ou não de stent, incidência de dislipidemia, sintomatologia,presença de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e diabetes mellitus (DM), e artérias coronárias mais acometidas.Resultados: Dos 200 prontuários analisados, observou-se maior incidência de TIM nos pacientes do sexo masculino(63,7%, n=128); média de idade 57,78±15,0 anos; predomínio da cor branca (85,0%); média de peso 84,5 kg, commais da metade (n=125, 62,5%) dos pacientes abaixo do peso médio; 15 (7,5%) pacientes portavam stent; 81 (40,5%)apresentavam sintomas (dor torácica ou dispneia); 108 (54,0%) tinham história familiar de doença cardiovascular;73 (36,5%) apresentavam dislipidemia; 83 (41,5%) tinham HAS; 28 (14,0%) tinham DM; 98 (49,0%) pacientesapresentavam aterosclerose; e 56 (28,0%) pacientes eram tabagistas. A principal artéria acometida foi a descendenteanterior (n=193, 96,0%)Conclusões: Conclui-se, na população estudada que o TIM é predominante em pacientes masculinos, de corbranca, não obesos, mais idosos, com história familiar de doença cardiovascular. A principal artéria acometidafoi a descendente anterior.

Background: The anomaly caused by intramyocardial bridge has been identified as a differential diagnosis of coronary artery disease.Objective: To analyze the incidence of intramyocardial bridge (IMB) in a population sample.Methods: Retrospective observational study that analyzed medical records of 200 patients diagnosed with intramyocardial bridge (IMB)or myocardial bridge (MB) using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) from September 2010 to March 2015 at HospitalBeneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo and MedImagem — the Radiology service of the Hospital. The following variables were analyzed:sex, age, height, weight, skin color, family history of cardiovascular disease, smoking, presence or absence of stent, incidence of dyslipidemia,symptoms, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and diabetes mellitus (DM), and the coronary arteries mostly affected.Results: Of the 200 patient records reviewed, there was a higher incidence of IMB in male patients (63.7%, n=128); mean age 57.78±15.0years; predominance of white color (85.0%); average weight 84.5 kg, with more than half (n=125, 62.5%) of patients below average weight;15 (7.5%) patients were stented; 81 (40.5%) had symptoms (chest pain or dyspnea); 108 (54.0%) had a family history of cardiovasculardisease; 73 (36.5%) presented dyslipidemia; 83 (41.5%) had SAH; 28 (14.0%) had MD; 98 (49.0%) patients had atherosclerosis; and56 (28.0%) patients were smokers. The main affected artery was the left anterior descending artery (n=193, 96.0%).Conclusions: The conclusion is that, in the study population, IMB is prevalent in male patients of white color, non-obese, older,with family history of cardiovascular disease. The main affected artery was the left anterior descending artery.

Del camino recorrido por la cirugía para tratar la enfermedad coronaria: trabajo dedicado como homenaje póstumo al Dr. René Favorolo / A short history of coronary surgery: apropos of Dr. Favaloroïs death

The first surgical procedure for the treatment of coronary artery disease, in 1933, was total thyroidectomy. Some years later, procedures to increase heart irrigation such as pectoral or great epiplon grafting and cardiopeumopexy were attempted. In 1940, the ligation of great cardiac vein or coronary sinus were introduced. Five years later, pericoronary neurectomy was used. In 1945, Beck used an arteriovenous fistula between the descending aorta and the coronary sinus and, from 1954, he used the erosion of heart surface with asbestos application, complemented with the occlusion of the coronary sinus and the application of parietal pericardium. In 1958, Glover introduced the bilateral ligation of mammary arteries and Vineberg, developed the internal mammary artery implant, that consisted in the tunneling of the free portion of such artery in the myocardium. En 1956, Lillehei and Bailey introduced coronary endarterectomy and finally in 1967, Favaloro introduced systematically the aortocoronary bypass using safenous vein, that became the definitive surgical treatment for coronary artery disease. In Chile the first coronary surgery was done by Torwall and Uribe in 1950 and modern coronary surgery was initiated by Salvestrini in1970

Utilización completa de la arteria mamaria interna izquierda para bypass coronario / Maximal use of the left internal mammary artery for coronary by pass

Antecedentes: La máxima utilización de la arteria mamaria interna izquierda intenta optimizar el uso de este conducto para revasculizar el árbol coronario izquierdo. Objetivos: Presentar los resultados iniciales y posibles variantes técnicas. Diseño: Estudio observacional prospectivo. Población: 10 pacientes fueron revascularizados en forma completa con injertos arteriales. Métodos: Descripción de la técnica y análisis de morbimortalidad mediatos. Resultados: No hubo mortalidad operatoria. No se observó bajo débito cardíaco ni intra ni postoperatorio, tampoco hubo infarto perioperatorio. El promedio de alta domiciliaria fue de 6 días. Conclusión: La utilización completa de la arteria mamaria interna izquierda, es una alternativa válida que permite la revascularización de la arteria descendente, diagonal, o ramas intermedias con el injerto arterial que ha demostrado mayor permeabilidad a largo plazo